Colorfastness to Perspiration Test Method: ISO 105 E04: 2013

Introduction:

Sweat from the human body is a complex chemical containing large amounts of salt. Depending on the human metabolism, it can either be acidic or alkaline. Colorfastness to perspiration is tested using solutions prepared by simulating acidic and alkaline sweat.

Colorfastness to perspiration test determines how resistant a dye is to perspiration in textiles of all kinds. A color fastness level of 3-4 (color change and staining) is required for perspiration (acid and alkaline). This criterion does not apply to white products, products that are neither dyed nor printed, or fabrics intended for furniture, curtains, or other interior decoration purposes. When fabrics that are both light colored (standard depth 1/12) and made of silk or blends with at least 20% silk are permitted to be rated at level 3. It is applied explicitly to sportswear and heavy dresses used primarily for sports. Perspiration tests are also conducted on normal clothes.This experiment will explore ISO 105 E04:2013 colorfastness to perspiration.

Objectives:

1. To know about colorfastness to perspiration.
2. Come to learn the colorfastness to perspiration testing method; ISO 105 E04:2013
3. To know required chemical name for perspiration test.
4. Come to learn working procedure of perspiration test.

Colored textiles in contact with other fiber materials (for color transfer) are immersed in simulated acid perspiration solution, subjected to a fixed mechanical pressure, and allowed to dry gradually at a slightly elevated temperature. The specimen is evaluated for the color change, and the other fiber materials are evaluated for color transfer after conditioning. These are the principles of colorfastness to perspiration.

Principle of Colorfastness to Perspiration

Specimens of the textile are sewn with Multifiber. Now, this composite (specimen + Multifiber) is treated in two different histidine-containing solutions. Now, the treated composite is placed between two plates under a standard pressure and dried for 4 hours. Nextt, the specimen and the multifiber are dried separately. Subsequently, the change in color of the specimen and the staining of the multifiber are assessed using grey scales.

Apparatus:

1. Perspiration tester.
2. Acrylic plate
3. ISO 105 E04:2013 standard weight piece.
4. Oven.
5. pH meter or pH paper
6. Flat-bottomed dish
7. Multifiber test fabric (DW or TV).
8. Grey scale for color changing.
9. Grey scale for color staining.
10. Standard light box.
11. Acid and alkaline solution.
12. Non-dyeable fabric.
13. Scissor.

Test specimen preparation:

1. Cut two identical 10cm×4cm specimens. If the fabric sample is multi-coloured take as many specimens as necessary to ensure that all colors will be in contact with each of the six fiber bands of the multifiber adjacent fabric.
2. Attach the multifiber adjacent fabric of equal size to the test specimens by sewing along one of the shorter sides with the multifber fabric in contact with face of the specimens. This is the composite test specimens.

Required Chemical:

Chemical name	Acid Perspiration test	Alkaline Perspiration test
L-Histidine mono-hydrochloride mono-hydrate (C6H9O2N3HCl.H2O)	0.5 gm	0.5 gm
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)	5.0 gm	5.0 gm
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate (Na2HPO4.2H2O)	00	2.5 gm
Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4.2H2O)	2.2 gm	00
Distilled water	1000ml	1000ml
PH (Adjust with 0.1N NaOH/CH3COOH)	5.5 (±0.2)	8.0 (±0.2)

Test Procedure of Colorfastness to Perspiration:

1. At first, 1000 ml of distilled water is taken in a beaker and add all chemical according to the recipe. (Make two different solutions: one is an alkaline solution, and the other is acid solution).
2. Now, the composite is weighted and found 2 gm. Then, take 100 ml of alkaline solution (Liquor ratio- M: L=1:50) in a flat-bottomed dish.
3. Wet the composite test specimen at room temperature with the 100ml of alkaline solution, and leave for 30 minutes.
4. Pour off excess solution and place this composite test specimen between two acrylic plates under a pressure of 12.5 KPa. Then lock the pressure plate by turning the screw and remove the weight from the top of the persiration tester. The next step is to place the perspiration tester in an oven for 4 hours at 37±2⁰ C
5. After 4 hours, remove the specimen and hang to dry in warm air not exceeding 60⁰ C.
6. Don’t press or iron the specimen or the multifiber test fabric.
7. Now, compare the specimen and multifiber with color changing and color-staining grey scale, respectively.
8. N.B: Do the test in the same way by using acidic solution.

Standard Value for Fastness:

According to ISO-105-E04

Color fastness grade	Fastness properties
Grade-5	Excellent
Grade-4	Good
Grade-3	Fair
Grade-2	Poor
Grade-1	Very poor

Result:

Numerically rate the colour change and staining of each test specimen under standard light using the grey scales for color change and color staining.

Conclusion:

The garments which come into contact with the body where perspiration is heavy may suffer serious local discoloration. One precaution of this experiment that, don’t apply the acid and alkaline perspiration testing at a time. However, from this experiment, we came to learn details about the colorfastness to perspiration of dyed fabric especially ISO 105 E04:2013 colorfastness to perspiration testing method,. We also learnt different chemical name and how to make acid and alkali solutions. We also learnt working procedure of he the colorfastness to perspiration test. Thanks to our teacher for helping us.