What is Garments Washing?
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook, comfort ability, and fashion of the garments is called garments washing. After washing the garments create a new looks which seems the new touch of fashion.
Flow Chart of Garments Washing Plant
Flow chart of garments washing is given below.
Now, I will discuss all process of garments washing. From here, you gain little knowledge of dry process of garments washing and wet process of garments washing.
Whisker:
Whisker is the first dry process of denim washing plant, which is done at first. Depending on the garment’s design, whiskers are formed in different strengths and shapes around the hip to crotch area and at the back of the knees. We apply whiskers/moustaches/chevrons on the thighs and hips. The idea of whiskers is taken from worn-out lines and impression patterns generated by natural wear. Whisper can be classified into two categories. They are
- 2D whisker: 2D whisker worn-out lines generated by rubbing the surface color of denim pants at natural wear around the hip to the crotch area and at the back of the knees
- 3D whisker: A 3D whisker is an aesthetic effect achieved by applying resin (formaldehyde-free) in the 2D whisker area to achieve a stiff look.
Hand brush
After whiskering on garments, then the hand brush is done. Emery paper is used to scrape the garment in particular placements and designs. Emery paper comes in various numbers from 40 to 800; the higher the number, the finer the emery paper, and the lower the coarseness. This process is used to give the garment a used, worn-out appearance. Emery papers with numbers 220, 320 and 400 are most widely used in the garment industry. Hand brush is also called hand sanding or hand scraping.
Tagging
Small plastic tag pins are used to hold small gathers of fabric around pockets, hips, seams and bottom hems to create strong contrast since the folded parts are less exposed to mechanical rubbing and chemicals. The tags are snipped after laundering to obtain colour contrasts and 3D effects. The most popular places to tack are the waistband, bottom hems, back pocket, and corners of front pockets. Besides horizontal or vertical patterns on the front or back of the garment, tacking can also be designed anywhere on the garment in different styles.
Tie
The tie is another dry process of garment washing that creates discontinuous lines on your denim pants. These lines create a vintage and aged look to your denim pants. Tie is done on garments before first wash. After getting the desired tie effect on denim pants, cut the plastic ropes used to tie the garments.
De-size
Sizing material is applied to warp yarn to increase the strength and efficiency of the weaving section. De-sizing is the process of removing sizing material from fabric. In garment washing, we first remove the sizing materials. The desizing process makes the garments suitable for further processing.
Enzyme
After de-sizing, we did the enzyme wash process. Enzyme washing is a laundering process that uses enzymes to clean garments or to finish fabric, especially in the case of jeans and other garments with worn-in looks. Enzymes carry many economic and environmental benefits for regular cleaning.
Bleach
Bleaching powder is an oxidizing agent. It is used in washing plant for color out from the denim garments. we can achieve different shad of color on garments i.e., dark, medium, and light shade. Generally, bleaching process is done after enzyme process.
Neutral
Neutral the garments after bleaching. Other wise, garments will be oxidized. Strength of garments will be reduce.
Hydroextractor
The first wash has been completed. Now, the sample is sent to the hydroextractor area. Hydroextractors are used to remove the water from the garments. About 70-80% of water was removed by hydroextractors.
Dryer
Then, the sample is dried using a dryer. After drying, the sample is sent to the subsequent process. Two types of dryers are used in garment washing plants: gas dryers and steam dryers.
Destroy
Destroy is one of the most popular distressing effects nowadays. It is an art that makes denim pants look unique. This process is done manually and creates a unique outlook from others. These effects are created by using a pen-type grinding machine, blades, and knives.
Grinding
The process of grinding or edge distressing destroys the jeans’ edges from the edges of the garment. When we look at old jeans, we find they are destroyed around the pockets, fly, belt, and bottom. This effect is important in high-fashion garments because it creates fashionable looks.
PP spray
After being sprayed with potassium permanganate, the garment appears pink and then turns muddy brown as it dries. The garment is then hung to dry, and when it has completely changed color, it is considered ready for the next step. To increase the intensity, phosphoric acid or acetic acid is used. The amount of phosphoric acid or acetic acid depends on the intensity of the PP effect.
Neutral
The garments need to be kept for a while after spraying PP. When dry, the solution becomes brown. Now, garments can be neutralized by using sodium metabisulphate (the most commonly used neutralizer) with oxalic acid or hydrogen peroxide to eliminate manganese oxide’s brown color.
Tint
In the final stage of the washing process, the denim garments are lightly colored so that they have the final denim look. This is a process in which fewer colours are added to the washing bath. The process of tinting is usually done after the stone wash. It is not overdyeing but rather alters the overall color of the fabric. It takes from 5 to 25 minutes to complete. In general, direct dyestuff is used for the tinting process.
Softener
The softener used in garments gives the surface of the textiles a very soft, sickly feel. Additionally, it provides excellent lubricant properties to deliver a very comfortable fit.
Hydroextractor
Once the samples have been softened, the samples will be sent to the hydroextractor section. Hydro extractors will then remove the access water from the sample.
Dryer
Then, the sample is dry to remove all moisture from the garments.
Resin spray and 3D
Using resin in denim garment manufacturing, unique and vintage looks can be created, which enhances the value of denim garments and improves their salability. To achieve 3-D effects, rigid look, etc, formaldehyde-free resin can be sprayed or dipped on the garment in the right combination of resin, catalyst, silicon, and polyurethane, depending on the fabric strength and desired effect.
Curing
When the 3D crinkle process is complete, the garments are sent to the oven for curing. For the 3D effect to be sustained, the garments must be cured in the oven for 7-22 minutes at temperature 1450-1600 C.
These are the flow chart of garments washing. Flow chart of garments washing may change according to the standard. If you have any question about denim garments washing plant, feel free to ask me.
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